![]() Indeed a pioneering example of ortho-C–H functionalization of acetophenone by a Ru(0) catalyst has been reported. As such, these complexes are, in general, not isolable, even though they are incredibly intriguing from a synthetic perspective. The distinction between the CIPE and directed cyclopalladation is that the thermodynamic stability of the resulting intermediates in the case of the CIPE is generally much lower. ![]() We were encouraged on this front by studies using less coordinative oxy-functional groups such as Boc and OMe to direct lithiation through the complex-induced proximity effect (CIPE), a term originally coined by Beak and Snieckus ( Scheme 3). carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, etc.). We envisioned ultimately expanding the scope of these reactions to include more synthetically useful oxygen-containing directing groups ( e.g. C–H activation through cyclopalladation or the CIPE
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